home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK04274}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Tongue, Geographic}
- $Subject{Tongue Geographic BMG Benign Migratory Glossitis Glossitis Areata
- Migrans Wandering Rash Tongue }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 332:
- Tongue, Geographic
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Geographic Tongue) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- BMG
- Benign Migratory Glossitis
- Glossitis Areata Migrans
- Wandering Rash Tongue
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Geographic Tongue is an inflammation of the tongue (Glossitis) that may
- go into remission and recur again. This form of inflammation is
- characterized by irregular, migrating denuded smooth areas (excoriations) on
- the tongue which may feel slightly sore and sometimes itchy.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Geographic Tongue is an inflammation of the tongue characterized by
- irregularly shaped denuded smooth areas which are sometimes slightly sore and
- itchy. These areas usually occur on the margins and the tip of the tongue,
- and may appear in bow-shaped lines on the surface. The lesions sometimes
- advance forward while healing occurs toward the back of the tongue. This
- change in location also causes a change in configuration. The coalescence of
- the lesions into figures which look like a map has given this disorder the
- name of Geographic Tongue.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Geographic Tongue is unknown. Some scientists suspect
- that it may be caused by changes in the bacteria which are normally present
- in the mouth (oral flora).
-
- There are many other possible causes of Geographic Tongue.
-
- Local causes may include the following:
-
- 1. Infectious bacteria and viruses
-
- 2. Lesions from mechanical injury such as jagged teeth, ill-fitting
- dentures, poor oral habits, or repeated biting of the tongue during
- convulsive seizures
-
- 3. Substances such as alcohol in excessive amounts, tobacco, and hot or
- spicy foods in excessive amounts
-
- 4. The tongue may become oversensitized to toothpaste, mouthwashes,
- breath fresheners, candy dyes, and, rarely, plastic dentures or materials
- used in restoring teeth.
-
- Systemic causes may include:
-
- 1. Lack of vitamins (avitaminosis) particularly of the Vitamin B group
-
- 2. Other illnesses or conditions such as pellagra, pernicious anemia,
- iron deficiency anemia, certain generalized skin diseases such as lichen
- planus, erythema multiforme, aphthous lesions, Behcet's syndrome, pemphigus
- vulgaris, or syphilis may cause Geographic Tongue.
-
- For more information on the above disorders, choose the following words
- as your search terms in the Rare Disease Database: anemia, skin, lichen
- planus, erythema multiform, lesions, Behcet, pemphigus, and syphilis.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Onset of Geographic Tongue usually occurs in childhood. The disorder affects
- both males and females and may appear at any age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Persons with Anemia or Pellagra may also have a tongue with denuded smooth
- areas. Lesions are moderately painful.
-
- In Moeller's Glossitis, the tongue is slick, glossy, or glazed. The
- lesions are very distressing and persistent.
-
- Median Rhomboid Glossitis is a developmental lesion of the tongue. This
- lesion consists of a smooth, reddish, nodular area on the back portion of the
- middle third of the tongue.
-
- Hairy Tongue is characterized by yellowish, brownish, blackish or bluish
- discoloration of the tongue, usually caused by the absence of normal bacteria
- in the mouth. Excessive growth of the threadlike elevations (filiform
- papillae) in front of the taste buds also occurs.
-
- Severe Acute Glossitis can occasionally be caused by local infection,
- burns, or injury to the tongue. This type of Glossitis may develop rapidly,
- producing marked tenderness or pain with swelling. The swelling may be
- sufficient to cause the tongue to block air passages in the most severe
- cases.
-
- Burning Tongue (and/or Mouth) Syndrome causes patients to experience a
- burning sensation in the mouth and/or the tongue. There is no obvious
- clinical evidence of inflammation.
-
- Inflammation of the tongue may also occur in association with Candidiasis
- (Thrush), anemias, Diabetes Mellitus, latent nutritional deficiencies, or
- malignancies.
-
- For more information on the above disorders, choose the following words
- as your search terms in the Rare Disease Database: tongue, Hairy Tongue,
- Burning Mouth, Candidiasis, anemia, and Diabetes Mellitus.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- It is generally recommended that people with Geographic Tongue avoid
- irritants and substances which may sensitize the tongue. A bland or liquid
- diet, preferably cooled, is best. Meticulous oral hygiene is imperative, but
- care should be taken to preserve proper bacterial balance within the mouth.
-
- Local application of triamcinolone acetonide in emollient dental paste to
- specific lesions may relieve symptoms and promote healing.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Geographic Tongue, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Dental Research
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301)496-4261
-
- Clinical Smell and Taste Research Center
- University of Pennsylvania Hospital
- 3400 Spruce Street, G1
- Philadelphia, PA 19104
- (215) 662-2653
-
- Department of Oral Biology
- Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center
- Farmington, CT 06032
- (203) 674-2459
-
- References
-
- MERCK MANUAL OF DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY: Robert Berkow, et al., eds; Merck,
- Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, 1982. P. 2094.
-
-